A 2004 study by Karagama showed that about 80% of nasal trauma patients referred to ear-nose-throat (ENT) doctors did not show up or required no treatment. This results in unnecessary costs and wait times. In an effort to improve the efficiency of serving nasal bone injury patients, researchers in Ireland have studied the feasibility of using pictures taken with iPhones as a means of determining if patients need to see ENT doctors or not.